Bali Action Plan

Pillars

The Conference of Parties to the Convention on Enabling the Implementation of the Convention through Long-term Cooperative Action, Now, Up to and Beyond 2012, by addressing:

• A shared vision for long-term cooperative action, including a long-term global goal for emission reductions .
• Enhanced national / international action on mitigation of climate change .
• Enhanced action on adaptation.
• Enhanced action on technology development and support to support action on mitigation and adaptation.
• Enhanced action on the provision of financial resources and investment to support action on mitigation and adaptation and technology cooperation.

Cutting emissions

The nations acknowledge that global warming is unequivocal , and that humans must reduce emissions to reduce the risks of “severe climate change impacts” and “urgency to address climate change”. There was a strong consensus for developing countries and developing countries. Although there is a need for a “deep cuts in global emissions”, it is a need for “deep cuts in global emissions” 40% by 2020 “. ^[3]

Mitigation

Enhanced action on mitigation of climate change includes, inter alia:

• Nationally appropriate mitigation commitments or actions by all developed countries.
• Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) by developing countries.
• Cooperative sectoral approaches and sector-specific actions (CSAs).
• Ways to strengthen the catalytic role of the convention.

Forests

The nations pledge ” policy approaches and positive incentives” on deforestation and forest degradation ( REDD ) in developing countries; and enhancement of forest carbon stock in developing countries This paragraph is Referred to as “REDD-plus”. ^[4]

Adaptation

The countries opt for enhanced co-operation to “support urgent implementation” of measures to protect against climate change, including NAPAs. impacts.

Technology

In technology development and transfer , the nations will Consider how to Facilitate the transfer of clean and renewable energy technologies from Industrialized nations to The Developing countries.This includes, inter alia:

• Removal of obstacles to, and provision of financial and other incentives for, scaling up the development and transfer of technology to Developing Country Parties in order to Promote Access to affordable environmentally sound technologies (renewable energies, electric vehicles).
• Ways to accelerate the deployment , Team mailing and transfer of Such technologies.
• Cooperation on research and development, new and innovative technology, including win-win solutions .
• The effectiveness of mechanism and tools for technology cooperation in specific sectors.

Finance

Provision of financial resources and investment includes:

• Improved access to predictable and sustainable financial resources and the provision of new and additional resources, Including official and concessional funding for Developing Country Parties (DCP).
• Positive incentives for dcP for national mitigation strategies and adaptation action.
• Innovative means of funding for dcP that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change .
• Incentivisation of adaptation actions on the basis of sustainable development policies.
• Mobilization of funding and investment, including facilitation of climate-friendly investment choices.
• Financial and technical support for capacity-building in the assessment of costs of adaptation in developing countries, to help in their financial needs.

Ad Hoc Working Groups

The Conference Decided to suit les two subsidiary bodies under the Convention to conduct the process, the Ad Hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA) and the Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol ( AWG-KP), which has been completed in 2009 and presented to COP15 / MOP 5.

The AWG-LCA and AWG-KP presented draft conclusions to COP15 and CMP5 , which contained many unresolved issues. The working groups were submitted to COP16 and CMP6 in Cancun, Mexico.

Timescales

Four major UNFCCC meetings to be implemented in the Bali Road Map was planned for 2008, with the first to be held in March or April and the second in June, with the third in August or September followed by a major meeting in Poznań , Poland in December 2008. The negotiations was held at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark.

See also

• Agenda 21
• Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS)
• Carbon financing
• Climate Technology Initiative (CTI)
• Expert Group on Technology Transfer (EGTT)
• Flexibility mechanism
• Global Environment Facility (GEF)
• Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
• LULUCF
• Monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV)
• Private Financing Advisory Network (PFAN)
• Risk assessment
• Technology Needs Assessment (TNA)
• UNDP
• Zero-carbon economy

References